A Simple Way To Measure Knots Has Come Unraveled Two mathematicians have proved that a straightforward question — how hard is it to untie a knot? — has a complicated answer. The post [A Simple Way To Measure Knots Has Come Unraveled][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-simple-way-to-measure-knots-has-come-unraveled-20250922/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-simple-way-to-measure-knots-has-come-unraveled-20250922/

New Math Revives Geometry’s Oldest Problems Using a relatively young theory, a team of mathematicians has started to answer questions whose roots lie at the very beginning of mathematics. The post [New Math Revives Geometry’s Oldest Problems][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-math-revives-geometrys-oldest-problems-20250926/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-math-revives-geometrys-oldest-problems-20250926/

To Understand AI, Watch How It Evolves Naomi Saphra thinks that most research into language models focuses too much on the finished product. She’s mining the history of their training for insights into why these systems work the way they do. The post [To Understand AI, Watch How It Evolves][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/to-understand-ai-watch-how-it-evolves-20250924/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/to-understand-ai-watch-how-it-evolves-20250924/

How Climate Scientists Saw the Future Before It Arrived Over the past 60 years, scientists have largely succeeded in building a computer model of Earth to see what the future holds. One of the most ambitious projects humankind has ever undertaken has now reached a critical moment. The post [How Climate Scientists Saw the Future Before It Arrived][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-climate-scientists-saw-the-future-before-it-arrived-20250915/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-climate-scientists-saw-the-future-before-it-arrived-20250915/

The Quantum Mechanics of Greenhouse Gases Earth’s radiation can send some molecules spinning or vibrating, which is what makes them greenhouse gases. This infographic explains how relatively few heat-trapping molecules can have a planetary effect. The post [The Quantum Mechanics of Greenhouse Gases][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-quantum-mechanics-of-greenhouse-gases-20250915/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-quantum-mechanics-of-greenhouse-gases-20250915/

The Climate Change Paradox Earth’s climate is chaotic and volatile. Climate change is simple and predictable. How can both be true? The post [The Climate Change Paradox][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-climate-change-paradox-20250915/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-climate-change-paradox-20250915/

The Ends of the Earth Building an accurate model of Earth’s climate requires a lot of data. Photography reveals the extreme efforts scientists have undertaken to measure gases, glaciers, clouds and more. The post [The Ends of the Earth][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/photos-capture-the-extreme-beautiful-work-of-climate-science-20250915/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/photos-capture-the-extreme-beautiful-work-of-climate-science-20250915/

How We Came To Know Earth Climate science is the most significant scientific collaboration in history. This series from Quanta Magazine guides you through basic climate science — from quantum effects to ancient hothouses, from the math of tipping points to the audacity of climate models. The post [How We Came To Know Earth][1] first appeared on [Quanta Magazine][2] [1]: https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-we-came-to-know-earth-20250915/ [2]: https://www.quantamagazine.org https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-we-came-to-know-earth-20250915/