How is double spending avoided while offline?

This is from an article I wrote a couple of months ago:

This reminds me of Nokia's strategy decision some 20 years ago about not moving the company’s focus into smartphones. Goodbye China. It was a fun trip these last 20 years. You'll become again a giant dead communist labour camp in 10 years time.

Good old times. What was your starting pc itinerary in the 80s? Mine was: Toshiba (MSX Japanese standard), Commodore 128 (first with attached cassette reader), Sinclair ZX Spectrum (first BASIC programming), Bull Micral (first with a hard disk - 20MB!!)

You also see rainchains in Costa Rica all over the place, and it is not precisely a cold country. This is a matter of costs ans aesthetics.

FB has been a gossip spying tool since it's origins as The Facebook in Harvard. Since then it has grown in scale, profit and evilness, but their spirit hasn't changed a bit.

This was all about when they blowed up the nordstream pipeline. Trump is just harvesting what Biden seeded.

Let's do some math. Current annual real inflation is around 10 to 15%. That means that a car worth $25k today will cost around 185k to 470k in 2046. $25M per btc in 2046 means a CAGR of 29% from now. Yet a large profit margin to btc.

Which list is Florida in, pending or rejected? It can't be both.

Spot on

This is as evil as it could be, and has nothing to do with alleged counter-terrorism actions. This, along with Iran's campaign, is war for the sake of war. Human cleansing for a profit. Israel oligarchs lead the charge but UN and US officials fuel the supply lines.